Exterior and interior walls form the framework of a house. They provide stability and stability and are part of the load-bearing structure of a single-family house, for example. Load-bearing walls are also of enormous importance for statics. Therefore, they must contain building materials whose components guarantee the stability of the house. A structural engineer is responsible for checking and calculating the building materials and their properties and dimensions. Non-load-bearing walls, on the other hand, do not necessarily have to contain components that are responsible for the stability and statics of the building.
Whether in rain, wind or sun, the external wall of a building has the function of protecting house occupants from external weather influences as well as from noise and fire. Thus, the exterior wall of a house also consists of insulation and a facade. Depending on the wall structure and the insulation material used, different widths of the insulation layer are prescribed. Sufficient insulation should prevent heating energy from being lost in winter and heat from entering the interior of the house in summer. The function of the house's facade in wall construction is to protect against external influences and stresses for as long as possible. Exterior facades can be made of different materials, such as clinker, plaster or wood.
But the wall structure must meet even more requirements. For example, an exterior wall and its components must ensure controlled air exchange and be airtight. If a wall is not sufficiently airtight and there are leaks in the wall structure, this can lead to unnecessary heat loss and drafts. Damage caused by moisture is also a consequence. With a so-called blower door test, the humidity of the house can be checked after construction. Heat storage capacity, as well as fire and sound protection, also play an important role in wall construction.
Source: bautipps.de
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