Heat pumps are gaining popularity as sustainable heating systems. They can often both heat and cool. However, Peter Kafke from the consumer advice center emphasizes that the heating function is often more important for the energy balance and costs than the cooling function. A high annual coefficient of performance (COP), which represents the ratio of heat generated to electricity required, should therefore be aimed for.
There are different types of heat pumps that use either air or water. Air-to-air heat pumps, which were originally designed as air conditioning units, can cool room air and emit heat. Water-based systems, which are connected to a water heating circuit, can also cool. However, they must be prepared for this by manufacturers or installers.
Operating costs and cooling capacity vary greatly depending on the type of heat pump and heat source. Groundwater or ground source heat pumps offer efficient passive cooling. This minimizes electricity consumption. Outdoor air-to-water heat pumps can only provide active cooling. This requires more energy and special adaptation of the systems to avoid water condensation and associated problems such as mold.
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